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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method pertaining to regeneration of a particle filter (202) in a post-treatment system (200), which particle filter (202) is intended to treat an exhaust flow arising from combustion in a combustion engine (101). Regeneration involves fuel being supplied to said post-treatment system (200). The method comprises - raising a temperature of said particle filter (202) by fuel being supplied to said exhaust flow for oxidation in said post-treatment system (200), - discontinuing said supply of fuel to said exhaust flow when said particle filter temperature rises to a first level, and - resuming supply of fuel for oxidation to said post-treatment system (200) when said particle filter temperature drops to a second level which is lower than said first level. The invention relates also to a system and a vehicle.
    公开号:SE1150062A1
    申请号:SE1150062
    申请日:2011-01-31
    公开日:2012-08-01
    发明作者:Carl-Johan Karlsson；Klas Telborn
    申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a particulate filter and in particular to a process for the regeneration of a particulate filter according to the preamble of claim 1.
    The invention also relates to a system and a vehicle.
    Background of the Invention Due to increased government interests regarding pollutants and air quality, especially in urban areas, emission standards and rules have been developed in many jurisdictions.
    Such emission standards often constitute sets of requirements which define acceptable limits for exhaust emissions for vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines. For example, levels of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter are often regulated for most types of vehicles in these standards.
    In the effort to meet such emission standards, research is underway with the aim of reducing emissions with the help of after-treatment (purification) of the exhaust gases caused by the combustion engine's combustion.
    A method of post-treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine consists of a so-called catalytic purification process, for which also vehicles and many times at least larger internal combustion engine powered vehicles usually include at least one catalyst.
    Furthermore, after-treatment systems, alternatively or in combination with one or more catalysts, may comprise other components, such as e.g. particulate filter. There are also particulate filters and catalysts that Or integrated with each other. 2 During combustion of the internal combustion engine's combustion in the cylinders, soot particles are formed. Particulate filters are used to capture these soot particles, and work in such a way that the exhaust stream is led through a filter structure where soot particles are captured from the passing exhaust stream and stored in the particulate filter.
    The particulate filter is filled with soot as the vehicle is driven, and sooner or later the filter must be emptied of soot, which is usually achieved with the aid of so-called regeneration.
    Regeneration means that the soot particles, which mainly consist of carbon particles, are converted to carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide in one or more chemical processes, and regeneration can mainly take place in two different ways.
    On the one hand, regeneration can take place through so-called oxygen (02) -based regeneration, also called active regeneration. During active regeneration, carbon is converted with the help of oxygen into carbon dioxide and heat.
    This chemical reaction is highly temperature dependent, and requires relatively high particulate filter temperatures for the desired reaction rate (emptying rate) to occur at all. At the same time, the temperature tolerance of the components contained in the exhaust system is often limited, which means that the active regeneration can have a maximum permissible temperature which is low in relation to the temperatures required for the desired reaction rate to be achieved.
    Instead of active regeneration, NO2-based regeneration, also called passive regeneration, can be applied. In passive regeneration, nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide are formed by a reaction between carbon and carbon dioxide. The advantage of passive regeneration is that the desired reaction rates, and thus the rate at which the filter is emptied, can be achieved at much lower temperatures. Since the regeneration is temperature dependent, in both types of regeneration steps are taken to raise the temperature of the particle filter and thereby obtain a faster regeneration.
    Regardless of whether active or passive regeneration is applied, it is still important that the regeneration is carried out in an efficient manner so that regeneration of a particle filter can be carried out within a reasonable time.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for particle filter regeneration. This object is achieved by a method according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
    The present invention relates to a method of regenerating a particulate filter in a post-treatment system, wherein said particulate filter Or is arranged to process an exhaust gas resulting from an combustion at an internal combustion engine. During regeneration, fuel is added to the said finishing system. The process comprises: - raising a temperature for said particulate filter by supplying fuel to said exhaust stream for oxidation at said after-treatment system, raising said particulate filter temperature to an initial temperature, interrupting said supply of fuel to said exhaust stream, and resuming supply of fuel for oxidation said after-treatment system when said particle filter temperature has dropped to a second compared with said first temperature lower temperature.
    This has the advantage that the temperature of the particle filter can be raised to a high temperature, e.g. to a temperature equal to or in excess of the temperature at which a maximum regeneration rate is reached, by means of supplying fuel to the exhaust stream which then oxidizes in an oxidation catalyst and / or directly in the particulate filter.
    By then interrupting the supply of fuel to the exhaust stream, passive regeneration can take place at a high temperature at the same time as a high conversion of NO to NO2 can take place, with a resulting high regeneration rate when the supply of fuel is interrupted.
    When the temperature of the particle filter has dropped to a second temperature, e.g. a temperature at which the regeneration rate has decreased to half, an arbitrary lamp regeneration rate in the range of 40% -100% of the maximum regeneration rate, or another appropriate proportion of the maximum regeneration rate, supply of fuel can be resumed to raise the particle filter temperature to a high level again new regeneration at high temperature. The process according to the invention can be repeated until the regeneration is considered to have been completed or until the regeneration has to be interrupted for some other reason.
    According to one embodiment, said first temperature can e.g. constitute an applicable temperature below the temperature at which the regeneration rate during active regeneration exceeds the regeneration rate during passive regeneration. Thus, it can be said that regeneration according to the present invention will at least for the most part be carried out by means of passive regeneration at the same time as the temperature can be kept at a level where the risk of component damage is avoided.
    Additional features of the present invention and parts thereof will be apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
    Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1a shows a driveline in a vehicle in which the present invention can be used to advantage.
    Fig. 1b shows a control unit in a vehicle control system.
    Fig. 2 shows an example of a finishing system in a vehicle in which the present invention can be used to advantage.
    Fig. 3 shows an example of the regeneration (soot burnout) rate as a function of the amount of soot in the particle filter, and its temperature dependence.
    Fig. 4 shows the temperature dependence of oxidation of nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide in an oxidation catalyst and the temperature dependence of the reaction rate on oxidation of carbon with the aid of NO2.
    Fig. Shows the dependence of the regeneration rate on the supply of pH dioxide during the regeneration.
    Fig. 6 schematically shows a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
    Fig. 7 shows a temperature diagram of an exemplary regeneration according to the present invention.
    Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments Fig. 1a schematically shows a heavy vehicle 100, such as a truck, bus or the like, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle 100 schematically shown in Fig. 1a comprises a front pair of wheels 111, 112 and a rear pair of wheels with drive wheels 113, 114. The vehicle further comprises a driveline with an internal combustion engine 101, which in a conventional manner, via a shaft 102 extending on the internal combustion engine 101 , is connected to a vdxellada 103, e.g. via a clutch 106. A shaft 107 emanating from the gearbox 103 drives the drive wheels 113, 114 via an end shaft 108, such as e.g. a conventional differential, and drive shafts 104, 105 connected to said end shaft 108.
    The vehicle 100 further includes an after-treatment system (exhaust purification system) 200 for treating (purifying) exhaust emissions from the internal combustion engine 101.
    The after-treatment system is shown in more detail in Fig. 2. The figure shows the internal combustion engine 101 of the vehicle 100, where the exhaust gases generated during combustion are discharged via a turbocharger 220 (in turbocharged engines the combustion exhaust gas stream often drives a turbocharger which in turn compresses the incoming the air for the combustion of the cylinders). The function of the turbocharger is selectable, and is therefore not described further here. The exhaust stream is then passed via a rudder 204 (indicated by arrows) to a particulate filter (DPF) 202 via an oxidation catalyst (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, DOC) 205.
    Furthermore, the after-treatment system comprises a SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst 201 arranged downstream of the particulate filter 202. SCR catalysts use ammonia (NH3), or a composition from which ammonia can be generated / formed, as an additive for reducing the amount of nitrogen oxides NOR.
    The particle filter 202 may alternatively be arranged downstream of the SCR catalyst 201. Moreover, this may be less advantageous as the present invention relates to so-called passive regeneration ddr regeneration depends on the nitrogen oxides normally reduced by the SCR catalyst. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the aftertreatment system does not include any SCR catalyst at all.
    The oxidation catalyst DOC 205 has several functions, and utilizes the excess air that the diesel engine process generally gives rise to in the exhaust stream as a chemical reactor together with a noble metal coating in the oxidation catalyst. The oxidation catalyst is normally used primarily to oxidize residual hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust stream to carbon dioxide and water. During the oxidation of the carbonates (ie oxidation of fuel) heat is also formed, which is used by the present invention to raise the temperature of the particulate filter.
    The oxidation catalyst can also oxidize a large proportion of the nitrogen monoxides (NO) present in the exhaust stream to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This nitrogen dioxide is also used in passive regeneration according to the present invention. Additional reactions may also occur in the oxidation catalyst.
    In the embodiment shown, Or DOC 205, DPF 202 and Oven SCR catalyst 201 are integrated in one and the same exhaust gas purification unit 203. However, it should be understood that DOC 205 and DPF 202 do not have to be integrated in one and the same exhaust gas purification unit, but the units can be arranged on otherwise sat there so is appropriate. For example. DOC 205 can be arranged closer to the internal combustion engine 101. Likewise, e.g. The SCR catalyst must be arranged separately from DPF 202 and / or DOC 205.
    The after-treatment system set-up shown in Fig. 2 is common in heavy vehicles, at least in jurisdictions where stricter emission requirements are met, but as an alternative to the oxidation catalyst, the particulate filter may include noble metal coatings so that the chemical processes present in the oxidation catalyst do not occur. includes any DOC.
    As mentioned, soot particles are formed during the combustion of the internal combustion engine 101. These soot particles do not live, and in some cases do not, are released into the vehicle's surroundings. Diesel particles consist of carbon dioxide, carbon (soot) and inorganic substances such as sulfur and ash. As mentioned above, these soot particles are captured by the particulate filter 202, which operates in such a way that the exhaust stream is passed through a filter structure where soot particles are captured from the passing exhaust stream and then stored in the particulate filter 202. separated from the exhaust gas stream.
    As particles are separated from the exhaust gas stream by means of the particle filter 202, the separated particles accumulate in the particle filter 202, this being filled up with soot over time. Depending on factors such as the current chore conditions, the driver's crossing and the vehicle driver, a larger or smaller amount of soot particles will be generated, so this soot / particle filling takes place more or less quickly, but if the selection filter is met to a certain level, the filter must be "emptied". If the filter is met to too high a level, the vehicle's performance can be compromised, at the same time as dven fire hazard, p.g.a. soot accumulation in combination with high temperatures, may occur.
    According to the above, emptying of particle filter 202 is performed with the aid of regeneration where soot particles, carbon particles, in a chemical process are converted to, depending on the type of regeneration, carbon dioxide and / or nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide. over time, the particulate filter 202 must be regenerated at more or less 9 regular intervals, and determining the appropriate time for regenerating the particulate filter can e.g. performed with the aid of a control unit 208, which e.g. can perform determination of suitable time (s) at least in part by means of signals from a pressure sensor 209, which measures the differential pressure across the particle filter. The more the particle filter 202 is filled, the higher the pressure difference across the particle filter 202 will be.
    Normally, no regeneration measures are taken as long as the fill level of the filter is below a predetermined level.
    For example. the control system's control of the filter regeneration can be so arranged that no action is taken as long as the degree of filling of the filter, e.g. falls below any suitable degree of filling in the range of 60-80%, or other suitable degree of filling. The degree of filling of the filter can be estimated in a somewhat appropriate way, e.g. using the differential pressure as above, where a certain pressure difference represents a certain degree of filling.
    The control unit 208 also controls the regeneration process according to the present invention, which is described in more detail below.
    Generally, control systems in modern vehicles usually consist of a communication bus system consisting of one or more communication buses for interconnecting a number of electronic control units (ECUs), or controllers, and various components located on the vehicle. Such a control system may comprise a starting number of control units, and the responsibility for a specific function may be divided into more than one control unit.
    For the sake of simplicity, only 2 control unit 208 is shown in Fig. 2, but vehicles of the type shown often comprise a relatively starting number of control units, e.g. fir control of engine, gearbox, etc., which is the choice for those skilled in the art.
    The present invention can be implemented in the control unit 208, but can also be implemented in whole or in part in one or more other control units present at the vehicle.
    Control units of the type shown are normally arranged to receive sensor signals from different parts of the vehicle, e.g., as shown in Fig. 2, said pressure sensor 209 and temperature sensors 210-212, and also e.g. a motor control unit (not shown). The control unit generated control signals are normally also dependent on signals from other control units and signals from components. For example. the control unit of the control unit 208 of the regeneration according to the present invention can e.g. depend on information such as received from the motor control unit and the temperature / pressure sensors shown in Fig. 2.
    Control units of the type shown are furthermore usually arranged to emit control signals to various parts and components of the vehicle, in the present example e.g. to the engine control unit to request / order control of the combustion engine combustion as below.
    The control is often controlled by programmed instructions. These programmed instructions typically consist of a computer program, which when executed in a computer or control unit causes the computer / control unit to perform the desired control, such as the process steps of the present invention.
    The computer program usually consists of a computer program product 109 stored on a digital storage medium 121 (see Fig. 1b) such as: ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable PROM), Flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM), a hard disk drive, etc., in or in conjunction with the controller and executed by the controller. By following the instructions of the second computer program 11, the behavior of the vehicle in a specific situation can thus be adapted.
    An exemplary control unit (control unit 208) is shown schematically in Fig. 1b, wherein the control unit 208 may in turn comprise a computing unit 120, which may be constituted by substantially any suitable type of processor or microcomputer, e.g. a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
    The calculating unit 120 is connected to a memory unit 121, which provides the calculating unit 120 e.g. the stored program code 109 and / or the stored data calculation unit 120 need to be able to perform calculations. The bending unit 120 is then arranged to store partial or final results of calculations in the memory unit 121.
    Furthermore, the control unit 208 is provided with devices 122, 123, 124, 125 for receiving and transmitting input and output signals, respectively. These input and output signals may contain waveforms, pulses, or other attributes, which of the input signals devices 122, 125 may be detected as information and converted into signals which may be processed by the calculating unit 120. These signals are then provided to the calculating unit 120. The devices 123 124 for transmitting output signals are arranged to convert signals obtained from the bending unit 120 for creating output signals by e.g. modulate the signals, which can be transmitted to other parts of the vehicle's control system and / or the component (s) for which the signals are intended. Each of the connections to the devices for receiving and transmitting input and output signals, respectively, may be one or more of a cable; a data bus, such as a CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus), a MOST bus (Media Orientated Systems 12 Transport), or any other bus configuration; or by a wireless connection.
    Regeneration can, as above, take place in mainly two different ways. Partly through so-called oxygen (02) -based regeneration, also called active regeneration. During active regeneration, a chemical process takes place mainly according to eq. 1: C + 02 = CO2 + heating (eq. 1) Thus, during active regeneration, carbon plus oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide plus heating. This chemical reaction is highly temperature dependent, and requires high particulate filter temperatures in order for the required reaction rate to occur at all. Typically, a minimum particle filter temperature of the order of 500 ° C is required, however, the filter temperature should be slightly higher for regeneration to take place at the desired speed.
    However, the maximum temperature that can be used for active regeneration can be limited by tolerances for the components. For example. The particulate filter 202 and / or (where applicable) subsequent SCR catalyst often have design limitations with respect to the maximum temperature to which they may be exposed. This means that the active regeneration can have a component permissible maximum temperature which is undesirably low in relation to the minimum desired temperature of the active regeneration, which must therefore be very high for any usable reaction rate to occur at all, and in particular in relation to the temperatures that are actually desired during active regeneration. During the active regeneration, the soot load in the particulate filter 202 normally burns substantially completely. It is said that a total regeneration of the particle filter is obtained, after which the soot level in the particle filter is essentially 0%. Today, it is far more common for vehicles, in addition to particulate filters 202, to also be equipped with SCR catalysts 201, which constitutes at least one reason why so-called passive regeneration is often applied to avoid overheating problems for the subsequent SCR catalyst treatment process.
    In the case of passive regeneration, it is formed above all, according to eq. 2 below, nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide in a reaction between carbon and nitrogen dioxide: NO2 + C = NO + CO (eq. 2) Passive regeneration has the advantage that desired reaction rates, and clamed the rate at which the filter tOms, can be reached at lower temperatures. Typically, particle filter regeneration occurs during passive regeneration at temperatures in the range of 200 ° C - 500 ° C, whereas temperatures in the upper part of the range are normally preferred.
    This thus results in a comparison with a significantly lower temperature range during active regeneration, which can be completely below the minimum temperature desired during active regeneration. This is a star advantage in e.g. occurrence of SCR catalysts, since the risk of such a high temperature level that the risk of damage to the SCR catalyst arises can in principle be completely avoided. However, it is still important that a relatively high temperature is obtained.
    The present invention therefore relates to a process for passive regeneration, and Fig. 3 shows an example of the regeneration (soot burn-out) rate in passive regeneration as a function of the amount of soot in the particle filter 202 and for operating conditions at two different temperatures (3 ° C and 4, respectively). ° C) The regeneration rate is then exemplified for low and high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, respectively. As can be seen in the figure, the burnout rate is low at low temperature (3 ° C) and low concentration of nitrogen dioxide. The temperature dependence of the regeneration rate 14 is clear from the fact that the burn-out rate is relatively low even at a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide as long as the filter temperature is low. The burn-out rate is significantly higher at 4 ° C even in the case of low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, but it is obvious that high temperature in combination with high levels of NO2 is preferable.
    Thus, the passive regeneration, in addition to being dependent on the temperature of the particle filter and the amount of soot according to Fig. 3, and as shown in Eq. 2 above and Fig. 3, Above depending on the supply of nitrogen dioxide. Normally, however, the proportion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the total amount of nitrogen oxides (NO) generated during the combustion engine combustion is only 0 - 10% of the total amount of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust stream. When the internal combustion engine is heavily loaded, the proportion of NO2 can be as low as 2 - 4%. In order to obtain a rapid regeneration of the particulate filter, there is suedes a desire that the proportion of nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust stream is as high as possible at the entry of the exhaust stream into the particulate filter 202.
    Thus, there is also a desire to increase the amount of nitrogen dioxide NO2 in the Iranian combustion engine combustion resulting exhaust gas stream. This conversion can be performed in several different ways, and can be accomplished as above with the aid of the oxidation catalyst 205, where nitric oxide can be oxidized to nitrogen dioxide.
    Oxidation of nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide in the oxidation catalyst also constitutes a strongly temperature-dependent process, which is exemplified in Fig. 4. As can be seen in the figure, at favorable temperatures, the proportion of nitrogen dioxide in the total amount of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust stream (solid line) is increased to 60. %. As can also be seen in the figure, it is sued optimally with a temperature in the order of 2 ° C - 3 ° C during the passive regeneration in order to obtain as high an oxidation of nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide as possible.
    As has been described in connection with eq. 2 and Fig. 3, however, a completely different temperature ratio applies to the actual burn-out process. This temperature ratio is indicated by a dashed line in Fig. 4, and as can be seen, the reaction rate is in principle non-existent at temperatures below a particle filter temperature of 200-2 ° (it should be understood, however, that the temperature indications shown are examples only, and that actual values may differ from For example, it can be the way in which the temperatures are determined / calculated to have an effect on the temperature limits (some ways to determine the temperature of the filter are exemplified below).
    The burn-out rate (regeneration rate) thus increases with the amount of NO in the exhaust stream, the temperature of the exhaust stream (particle filter) and the radiating amount of soot in the particulate filter. Thus, if free supply of nitrogen dioxide rows, such a high filter temperature as possible would be preferable. However, as can also be seen in Fig. 4, high temperatures lead to lower oxidation of nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide. This in turn meant that the regeneration will not be able to take full advantage of the high filter temperature, as the reaction will be limited by a lack of nitrogen dioxide.
    This also means that the efficiency of the regeneration will in reality not look like the dashed line in Fig. 4, since this curve assumes a constant / Mg supply of NO2. Thus, the optimal working point is also the answer to determine. This is exemplified in Fig. 5, where curve 501 represents the temperature dependence of NO2 formation according to Fig. 4 (as shown below, however, provided that NO2 formation in the oxidation catalyst is not outcompeted by industry oxidation and suedes in practice that no industry oxidation occurs). As the NO2 supply decreases with increasing temperature, the temperature dependence of the actual total reaction rate becomes a curve with a principled appearance as the curve 502 reaches the NO2 supply according to curve 501 races. As the NO2 supply decreases with increasing temperature, the temperature dependence of the actual total reaction rate is markedly different from the case of free supply of NO2 (the dashed line in Fig. 4).
    As can be seen in Fig. 5, the optimal particle filter temperature is determined by the temperature T0p1. The temperature TopT can be in the order of 400-4 ° C.
    In order to be able to convert soot into carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide in as efficient a way as possible, it is thus Black with as high levels of NO (NO2) as possible, at the same time as the particulate filter reaches a temperature close to T0p1. If these conditions were constant, the particulate filter would be continuously generated and soot build-up would never occur.
    However, the temperature 'OPT can not be reached by the temperature of the exhaust stream alone. In typical truck / bus applications, the average temperature of the filter is rather somewhere in the range of 1 ° C - 300 ° C during normal vehicle operation.
    In the case of passive regeneration, therefore, generally temperature-raising measures are taken to raise the temperature of the particle filter and thereby obtain a faster regeneration rate.
    These temperature-raising measures can be achieved by controlling the internal combustion engine in such a way that a high exhaust gas temperature is obtained, which is achieved by lowering the efficiency of the engine to a low level, so that a large part of the energy is converted to heat. Furthermore, vehicle-mounted units that are driven by the internal combustion engine, and clamed take power from the vehicle's propulsion, are common. Examples of such units are cooling units, etc., and by controlling these units in such a way that they exert a high or maximum load on the internal combustion engine, the work of the internal combustion engine can be further increased.
    However, such temperature-raising orders are still not sufficient for the TopT temperature to be reached.
    According to the present invention, therefore, just as yid so-called active regeneration as above, a process in which fuel is added to the exhaust stream to burn (oxidize) over the oxidation catalyst and thus generate heat to heat the particulate filter. According to the present invention, however, this fuel injection is not used for the purpose of achieving an active regeneration, but instead for the purpose of achieving a more favorable temperature for the soot combustion during passive regeneration. An exemplary method 600 according to the present invention is shown in Fig. 6.
    The procedure begins in step 601, where it is determined that regeneration is to be performed. This determination can e.g. is performed as above by determining the differential pressure Over the particle filter Exceeds a certain level. If regeneration is to be carried out, the process proceeds to step 602, where particulate filter temperature and / or oxidation catalyst temperature are determined.
    The particle filter temperature can be determined in different ways. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, a first temperature sensor 210 is provided upstream of the oxidation catalyst 205. A second temperature sensor 211 is provided downstream of the oxidation catalyst (upstream of the particulate filter) and a third temperature sensor 212 is provided downstream of the particulate filter 203. determined by determining the mean value of the temperatures determined by the temperature sensors 211, 212.
    Alternatively, only the temperature from the sensor 211 or 212 can be used. Likewise, any other suitable temperature sensor can be used, such as the temperature sensor 210, which together with a model of the finishing system and / or e.g. current exhaust flow, calculate a particulate filter temperature.
    In step 602, in one embodiment, other temperature-raising measures of the below-described supply of fuel to the exhaust stream according to the present invention may also be drilled. According to the above, these actions can e.g. consists of controlling the internal combustion engine in such a way that as high an exhaust gas temperature as possible is obtained, which according to the above can be achieved by controlling the internal combustion engine towards low efficiency and / or loading the internal combustion engine as far as possible.
    When it is determined that the particle filter temperature and / or the oxidation catalyst temperature is sufficiently high, e.g. 2 ° C or other applicable temperature, in order for fuel to be oxidized, the procedure proceeds to step 603. In step 603, an applicable amount of fuel is determined for supply to the exhaust stream, whereupon fuel injection is then drilled.
    The amount of industry can e.g. depends on the particle filter's temperature Tfilter, current internal combustion engine load, current vehicle speed, etc. Alternatively, the same amount of fuel is always supplied, whereby control takes place entirely based on the particle filter's temperature T filter as below.
    Supply of fuel to the exhaust stream has the advantage that the filter temperature can be controlled completely and independently of the actual temperature of the exhaust stream (and thus in the demand 19 the temperature of the particulate filter). In principle, it is sufficient for the oxidation catalyst to reach a temperature of approx. 2 ° C (as above, engine control can be applied if necessary to accelerate / enable this oxidation catalyst temperature) so that control of the particle filter temperature can then be performed independently of the current exhaust temperature.
    Thus, with the help of added fuel, it is possible to increase the temperature of the particulate filter to the desired temperature, which, as shown in Fig. 5, results in an increased soot combustion rate.
    However, as also explained above in connection with Figs. 4-5, the rate of soot combustion also depends on the supply of NO2. The problem with fuel injection is that NO2 formation is negatively affected by oxidation of fuel. If the oxidation catalyst had been spiritually rigid, NO could be converted to NO2 to the desired extent at the same time as the industry is oxidized. However, in terms of space and cost, the catalyst size is limited, which means that the catalyst capacity is usually not sufficient to be able to carry out both reactions in a satisfactory manner at the same time.
    The oxidation catalyst operates in such a way that it is primarily the fuel (hydrocarbons) that will be oxidized, and only secondarily, if the capacity remains, NO2 is formed, with the result that NO2 formation can become very low or in principle non-existent while oxidation of industry pagar. Whether and to what extent NO2 is formed during the oxidation of fuel is controlled by the size of the catalyst and the flow of the exhaust stream (the larger the flow, the "smaller" the catalyst is perceived from the exhaust stream).
    Thus, the particle filter temperature of the present invention is raised at the expense of NO 2 formation. Thus, an important parameter for regeneration according to eq. 2 above. This means that when the supply of fuel pags, no or very little NO2 formation will take place, which in practice means that the reaction rate when supplying fuel will not follow curve 502 in Fig. 5, but rather curve 503. SA as can be seen in the figure, the regeneration rate will thus be very low when the supply of fuel is paid.
    For this reason, step 605, supply of fuel to the exhaust gas stream to the NO2 formation is interrupted when the particulate filter temperature Tfilter UP at night has a desired high temperature, step 604, as e.g. the temperature T2 in Fig. 5.
    This means that the regeneration speed, which during the supply of fuel to the exhaust stream follows curve 503 to point A, now instead will jump / surrender to point B instead of following curve 502. When fuel injection is off, however, the temperature of the exhaust stream will not normally reach to maintain the temperature of the particulate filter, which is why the particulate filter temperature begins to drop. When it is then determined that the temperature has dropped to e.g. temperature 11, step 606, and the regeneration rate is thus night point C on curve 502, the procedure returns to step 603 for flight temperature rise, the regeneration rate decreasing to point D to then follow curve 503 until the particle filter temperature is raised to temperature 12 ° above , whereby industry supply Ater shut down said to escape regeneration period paborjas.
    The temperatures Tel T2 can be selected in some appropriate way and also depend on the way in which the particle filter temperature is defined (eg where the temperature that is considered to be the particle filter temperature is measured, as above). For example, the temperature T1 can be 3 ° C while the temperature T2 can be 4 ° C. Thus, the temperature T2 is well below 21 the temperature limit at which active regeneration has a noticeable effect. The range around the Top "can be made arbitrarily wide, the narrower the temperature range, the more often the particle filter is heated.
    Fig. 7 shows an example of a temperature diagram for a regeneration process according to the invention. The solid curve represents the particle filter temperature, and the intervals TA, Tc, TE are used for temperature-raising actions with low regeneration speed as follows (curve 503 in Fig. 5), while the time intervals TB, TF are time intervals where the regeneration speed follows curve 502 in Fig. 5.
    Even if the part (TB, TB, TF) of the total time of the regeneration (TAddr the regeneration rate is high only makes up a proportion of the total time of the regeneration, the high particle filter temperatures during the time periods TB, TB, Tp will compensate for the time required for heating the particle filter.
    For example, the regeneration rate in the particulate filter may be 100-1000 times faster at a temperature of 4 ° C compared to at 2 ° C, so that the overall result of regeneration according to the present invention entails a rapid regeneration of the particulate filter without the disadvantages of active regeneration as above. Fig. 7 also shows a dashed curve representing the temperature at the input of the oxidation catalyst, i.e. the dashed curve also represents the temperature of the exhaust stream, and as can be seen, this is for a large part of the time at a substantially lower temperature than the temperature T1. However, the effect of the present invention can be further improved. According to the above, the soot burning rate increases with increased NOx level. The mode in which the internal combustion engine is controlled can therefore advantageously be synchronized with the supply of fuel. During the periods of time when HC (fuel) dosing is active (TA, Tc, TE), the main goal of the engine control is to obtain an exhaust temperature sufficient to maintain the catalyst temperature at a level sufficient for the injected fuel to burn (oxidize). ), for which the internal combustion engine can be controlled in this mode to generate maximum heat.
    During the actual soot combustion intervals (TB, TD, TF), on the other hand, it is undesirable that the soot combustion rate is as fast as possible, and since this depends on the amount of NO2, the engine in step 605, 606 is controlled at such a high NO level. In other words, during the regeneration process, the internal combustion engine should operate in two modes, where the internal combustion engine in a first mode emits a high exhaust temperature, and where the internal combustion engine in a second mode operates in a manner which results in high NOx formation.
    At e.g. EGR engines, it is relatively easy to control the internal combustion engine in a way that generates high NOR concentrations.
    For example. a quadrupling of the amount of NOx released can lead to a doubling of the soot combustion rate.
    The procedure described in Fig. 6 is preferably repeated until the content of soot in the particle filter has dropped to the desired level. For example. the differential pressure can be monitored during the regeneration, whereby the regeneration can be interrupted when the differential pressure has fallen below a certain level and the regeneration is thus considered to be completed, step 607. This determination can e.g. performed in step 604 and / or step 606 according to Fig. 6. However, passive regeneration has the advantage that the regeneration can be interrupted at any time to be resumed at a later time without the fire risks that active regeneration may entail. 23 Regarding the injection of fuel, this can be achieved in several ways. For example. the after-treatment system may comprise an injector in the exhaust system upstream of the oxidation catalyst, whereby fuel can be injected into the exhaust stream with the aid of the injector.
    Alternatively, fuel can be supplied to the exhaust stream by injection into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (such as the cylinders of the internal combustion engine). The present invention is applicable to both types of fuel injection. Regarding fuel supply via the combustion engine's combustion chamber, fuel is injected so late during the combustion cycle's combustion stage that no or only parts of the regenerated fuel are burned in the cylinders, whereby fuel will follow the exhaust flow to the aftertreatment system.
    Such injection is called, at least in the present application, "late injection", and meant that injection takes place very late during the combustion cycle of the combustion cycle. Late injection, at least as defined in this specification and the appended claims, thus involved an injection in which no or only a small proportion of the late-injected industry was burned. According to the present invention, therefore, injection takes place about 40 - 180 crankshaft degrees after the cylinder piston has passed the dead center, which meant that the fuel will completely or largely unburned follow with the exhaust stream to the oxidation catalyst to thereby oxidize and generate heat to heat the particulate filter to desired temperature.
    This industry injection can e.g. Follow the injection procedure according to Swedish patent application 1050889-3. The injection welding 24 described in this application reduces problems with so-called rocking of the combustion engine cylinders.
    This is achieved in that fuel injection is not performed at each combustion cycle, but instead of performing a late injection at each combustion cycle, larger fuel injections are performed at less frequent intervals. For example. can double the amount of fuel injected at every other combustion cycle or triple the amount at every third, etc. or according to any other appropriate principle. In general, according to the procedure shown in 1050889-3, a quantity of industry is determined for supply to the said after-treatment system, where the quantity of the industry is distributed on successive combustion cycles, where n =, but where fuel is only supplied under m of said n combustion cycles, where m = 1 , 2 ..., n-1.
    The solution shown in 1050889-3 also has the advantage that accurate control of injected fuel to the exhaust stream can be performed, since larger and clamed more easily regulated amounts of fuel are injected in fewer cases.
    Fuel injection via the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and / or via an injector in the exhaust system can be carried out at the same time as the vehicle is driven in the usual way, ie. the ordinary fuel injection of the propulsion of the vehicle need not be affected at all, since the late injections according to the present invention have only the purpose of supplying fuel to the exhaust stream. According to what has been mentioned above, however, it may be advantageous for Oven to control the combustion engine in a way that is advantageous for the regeneration process.
    Furthermore, the present invention has been exemplified above in connection with vehicles. However, the invention is also applicable to arbitrary vessels where exhaust gas cleaning systems according to the above are applicable, such as e.g. water or aircraft with combustion / regeneration processes as above. 26
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. f.i
    [2]
    2. / 7
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    公开号 | 公开日
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1150062A|SE537854C2|2011-01-31|2011-01-31|Procedure and systems for exhaust gas purification|SE1150062A| SE537854C2|2011-01-31|2011-01-31|Procedure and systems for exhaust gas purification|
    JP2013551943A| JP2014507592A|2011-01-31|2012-01-25|Particulate filter regeneration method and system|
    KR1020137022846A| KR101554296B1|2011-01-31|2012-01-25|Method and system for regeneration of a particle filter|
    EP12741524.8A| EP2670958B1|2011-01-31|2012-01-25|Method and system for regeneration of a particle filter|
    PCT/SE2012/050068| WO2012105890A1|2011-01-31|2012-01-25|Method and system for regeneration of a particle filter|
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